American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

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Who is known as the "Father of modern environmental policy"?

Clarence Arthur Perry
Patrick Geddes
Ian McHarg
Frederick Law Olmsted Sr.

The correct answer is: Ian McHarg

The title of "Father of modern environmental policy" is attributed to Ian McHarg due to his pioneering work in the field of landscape architecture and planning which emphasized the importance of integrating ecological principles into urban and regional planning. His influential book, "Design with Nature," published in 1969, advocated for a planning framework that respected natural systems and processes. McHarg developed innovative techniques for assessing land suitability based on environmental criteria, thereby encouraging planners to consider the ecological implications of their decisions. His ideas laid the groundwork for a more sustainable approach to planning, where environmental conservation and responsible land use were prioritized. This holistic view has significantly informed contemporary environmental policies and practices, making him a pivotal figure in the movement toward sustainable development. Therefore, McHarg's contributions to environmental policy and planning are recognized as foundational in the establishment of a modern approach to these fields.