American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Who drafted the first zoning ordinance in New York City?

1. Clarence Perry

2. Edward Bassett

3. Alfred Bettman

4. Jane Jacobs

The correct answer is: Edward Bassett

The first zoning ordinance in New York City was drafted by Edward Bassett, who is often referred to as the "Father of Zoning." In the early 20th century, especially around 1916, Bassett recognized the need for a comprehensive approach to urban planning that could manage the complex interplay of land use, building heights, and the preservation of neighborhood character. His work laid the groundwork for zoning regulations that ultimately influenced not just New York City but also municipalities across the United States. Bassett's ordinance was a response to the rapid urbanization and industrialization of cities during that period, as well as the conflicts arising from different land uses which sometimes led to adverse environmental and social consequences. By establishing zoning laws, he aimed to separate incompatible uses—for example, keeping industrial activities away from residential areas—and to promote public health, safety, and general welfare. The other individuals mentioned played significant roles in urban planning and development but did not draft the first zoning ordinance in New York City. Clarence Perry was known for his work on neighborhood planning and the neighborhood unit concept, Alfred Bettman contributed to the development of planning law, and Jane Jacobs focused on urban sociology and community activism, advocating for mixed-use neighborhoods and walkable streets.