American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Who developed the Greenbelt concept within the Garden City Movement?

1. John Ruskin

2. Robert Moses

3. Lewis Mumford

4. Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.

The correct answer is: John Ruskin

The Greenbelt concept is closely associated with the Garden City Movement founded by Ebenezer Howard in the early 20th century. While John Ruskin did contribute significantly to urban planning ideas and philosophies, he was not directly responsible for the development of the Greenbelt as a specific concept within the Garden City Movement. The most accurate answer is actually related to Howard's principles. The Greenbelt serves as a key element in his vision for a harmonious urban community, providing space for nature and agriculture within urban areas to combat overcrowding and promote healthier lifestyles. The development of the Greenbelt concept was also influenced by various urban reformers and planning theorists after Howard. Lewis Mumford, known for his writings on urban planning, passionately advocated for the integration of green spaces within urban environments but did not originate the Greenbelt concept itself. Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., a landscape architect and advocate for parks and green spaces, also contributed to urban planning but is not credited specifically with the development of the Greenbelt. Thus, while John Ruskin was a notable figure in the development of ideas related to art, society, and urban living, he is not the best answer for who developed the Greenbelt concept within the Garden City Movement.