American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Which type of sampling ensures that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected?

1. Convenience Sampling

2. Simple Random Sampling

3. Stratified Sampling

4. Systematic Sampling

The correct answer is: Simple Random Sampling

The correct choice is Simple Random Sampling because it guarantees that each individual in the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. This method is foundational in statistical surveys and experiments because it minimizes bias and allows for the results to be generalized to the whole population. In simple random sampling, every possible sample of a given size has an equal probability of being chosen, which promotes fairness and objectivity in the selection process. Other sampling methods, such as convenience sampling, do not provide equal selection chances, often favoring those who are easiest to reach, which can lead to skewed results. Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then performing a random selection from each subgroup, which can introduce bias if not done proportionately. Systematic sampling uses a fixed, systematic procedure for selection, which can also result in some individuals having a higher likelihood of being chosen than others. Consequently, these methods do not fulfill the requirement for each individual to have an equal chance of selection.