American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Which two cities are recognized as the first examples of the Garden City Movement?

1. Letchworth and Welwyn

2. Chicago and New York

3. Atlanta and Boston

4. Detroit and San Francisco

The correct answer is: Letchworth and Welwyn

The Garden City Movement was an influential urban planning and design concept initiated in the late 19th century, aimed at combining the benefits of both city and country living. Letchworth, established in 1903, and Welwyn, planned in 1919, are considered the pioneering examples of this movement. These cities were designed as ideal communities that incorporated ample green spaces, efficient layouts, and a focus on building healthy living environments. In Letchworth, the design sought to create a communal semi-rural setting that provided residents with access to nature, open spaces, and agricultural land. Welwyn built upon these principles while introducing more sophisticated infrastructure and a balance of residential, commercial, and recreational areas. While the other pairs of cities mentioned have their own significance in urban planning, they do not reflect the specific principles and history associated with the Garden City Movement. Therefore, the identification of Letchworth and Welwyn is accurate, as they represent the fundamental ideals of the movement and serve as historical benchmarks for later urban planning efforts.