American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Which of the following is primarily a function of local governments?

1. River basin management

2. Air pollution abatement

3. Zoning

4. Critical environmental areas designation

The correct answer is: Zoning

Zoning is primarily a function of local governments because it involves the regulation of land use and development within a specific jurisdiction. Local governments, such as cities and counties, have the authority to create zoning ordinances that establish how land in their area can be used — whether for residential, commercial, industrial, or agricultural purposes. This localized control allows communities to shape growth and development in ways that align with their needs and goals, ensuring orderly and manageable urban development. In contrast, while river basin management, air pollution abatement, and critical environmental areas designation can involve local governments, they often require coordination with state or federal agencies due to their broader geographical and environmental impacts. For example, river basin management may involve regional water quality issues that transcend local boundaries, necessitating a more collaborative approach. Air pollution abatement often falls under state or federal regulations that establish standards to be implemented at the local level, thus making a direct local government function less prominent. Similarly, the designation of critical environmental areas typically requires guidelines and support from higher levels of government to ensure environmental protections are upheld consistently across various jurisdictions.