American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Which of the following is true regarding the differences in needs according to Maslow and ERG?

1. All individuals will achieve needs in the same order.

2. ERG suggests needs can emerge simultaneously.

3. Maslow's model is less flexible than ERG.

4. ERG emphasizes the same number of needs as Maslow.

The correct answer is: ERG suggests needs can emerge simultaneously.

The correct answer highlights a fundamental distinction between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ERG (Existence, Relatedness, Growth) theory formulated by Clayton Alderfer. In Maslow’s model, needs are structured in a strict hierarchical order, meaning individuals must satisfy lower-level needs before progressing to higher-level ones. This implies a sequential progression through five distinct levels: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. In contrast, the ERG theory posits that existence, relatedness, and growth needs can exist concurrently. This flexibility allows individuals to work on different categories of needs simultaneously, rather than feeling constrained to follow a linear path as in Maslow's model. For example, someone might pursue growth needs, such as personal development, while also seeking social belonging or maintaining basic existence needs. This acknowledgment of simultaneous needs provides a more nuanced understanding of human motivation, recognizing that various needs can motivate behavior at the same time. It offers a practical view that aligns better with real-world experiences where individuals navigate multiple needs depending on their circumstances. This inherent flexibility makes ERG a more adaptable framework for understanding human motivation compared to Maslow's more rigid structure.