American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

Which federal agency primarily oversees the implementation of environmental regulations affecting urban planning?

1. Department of Transportation

2. Environmental Protection Agency

3. Department of Housing and Urban Development

4. Federal Emergency Management Agency

The correct answer is: Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the federal agency that primarily oversees the implementation of environmental regulations affecting urban planning. Established in 1970, the EPA's main purpose is to protect human health and the environment by enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress. Its role includes managing programs related to air and water quality, waste management, and other environmental factors that directly impact urban planning decisions. Urban planners must consider the regulatory requirements set forth by the EPA when developing land use plans, zoning ordinances, and environmental impact assessments. The agency provides guidelines and standards that planners must follow to ensure that development is sustainable and complies with environmental laws, such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Furthermore, the EPA often collaborates with state and local agencies, providing technical assistance and funding for projects aimed at improving environmental quality. In contrast, while other agencies listed have significant roles in related fields, they do not primarily focus on environmental regulations affecting urban planning. The Department of Transportation is involved primarily in transportation systems; the Department of Housing and Urban Development focuses mainly on housing and community development issues; and the Federal Emergency Management Agency deals with disaster response and preparedness, rather than directly overseeing environmental regulations.