American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

When was the first US Geological Survey completed?

1. 1875

2. 1880

3. 1879

4. 1890

The correct answer is: 1879

The first US Geological Survey (USGS) was established in 1879, which is the year when its initial scientific reconnaissance and mapping activities officially commenced. The decision to create the USGS was influenced by the need for a comprehensive survey and evaluation of the natural resources and geological landscape of the United States, particularly in light of the westward expansion and the growing interest in resource management. The year 1879 marked a pivotal moment in the organization as it began its foundational work under the leadership of Director John Wesley Powell, who emphasized systematic geological mapping and the importance of scientific research. This early work laid the groundwork for future geological studies, resource assessment, and the overall understanding of diverse geological features across the nation. While choices referring to 1875, 1880, and 1890 surround this date, they do not accurately reflect the year when the USGS commenced its activities. Understanding the significance of the 1879 establishment provides context not only for the USGS itself but also for the evolution of earth sciences and resource management in the United States.