American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

What type of sampling selects every nth individual from a list after choosing a random starting point?

1. Simple Random Sampling

2. Systematic Sampling

3. Cluster Sampling

4. Stratified Sampling

The correct answer is: Systematic Sampling

Systematic sampling is a method that involves selecting every nth individual from a list, following the selection of a random starting point. This technique is particularly useful for its efficiency and ease of implementation, especially when dealing with a large population. By using a sampling interval (n), systematic sampling provides a structured approach to selecting samples, ensuring that the entire population is represented across the dataset. In this context, after randomly selecting a starting point, the researcher would continue to select individuals at intervals of n, ensuring that the selection process is systematic and reduces the potential for bias that may occur if the researcher were to pick samples arbitrarily. This technique is beneficial in studies where maintaining a random structure is key, yet may need to avoid the unpredictability of simple random sampling. The other sampling methods are distinct in their approach. Simple random sampling involves choosing individuals from the population entirely at random, without any set pattern or interval. Cluster sampling divides the population into clusters, and entire clusters are selected at once, while stratified sampling involves dividing the population into distinct subgroups (strata) before randomly selecting individuals from each group proportionally. Each of these methods has its unique applications and can be chosen based on the specific needs of the research or study being conducted.