American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

What is the role of a hypothesis in research?

1. To summarize the data collected in an experiment.

2. To express a prediction of the relationship being investigated.

3. To provide a conclusion drawn from the data.

4. To collect data from observations.

The correct answer is: To express a prediction of the relationship being investigated.

In research, a hypothesis serves as a foundational element that expresses a prediction about the relationship between variables or the expected outcome of an experiment. It is a specific, testable statement that allows researchers to clearly outline what they intend to investigate. Through formulating a hypothesis, researchers set the stage for their experimentation, guiding the design, methodology, and analysis of the data they collect. By articulating a clear hypothesis, the researcher establishes a focused question that can be empirically tested. This prediction not only drives the research process but also enables the assessment of the results—whether the data support or refute the hypothesis can lead to further inquiry or a deeper understanding of the topic at hand. In contrast, summarizing data, providing conclusions, and the act of collecting observations are all activities that stem from the research process itself, rather than serving as the initial predictive framework that a hypothesis provides. The hypothesis acts as a key reference point that helps in interpreting the results and determining their significance in relation to the initial research goals.