American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

What does the group 'population' generally refer to in research?

1. Target demographic

2. Sample

3. General public

4. All individuals in a specific area

The correct answer is: Target demographic

The term 'population' in research typically refers to all individuals or items that share a common characteristic or set of characteristics, which is often defined by the research question. In most contexts, particularly in social sciences and planning, the population encompasses everyone who fits the criteria established for the study rather than just a specific demographic group or segment. While the term 'target demographic' might seem appropriate at first glance, it actually represents a subset of the larger population that is being specifically focused on for marketing or research purposes. In research methodology, differentiating between the overall population, a specific sample drawn from that population, and defined demographic groups is critical. The other options reflect concepts that resonate with various meanings in research contexts. The 'sample' is a selected group drawn from the population for the purposes of conducting analysis, while 'general public' is too broad a term and does not accurately denote a specified group relevant to specific research. When referring to 'all individuals in a specific area,' it could make sense in certain contexts, but it doesn’t encompass populations that are defined by characteristics beyond geographical boundaries. Therefore, the essence of population in research is about the broader group applicable to the study rather than isolated segments within that group.