American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

What did the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 require for federal major actions that could affect the environment?

1. Environmental review process

2. Public health assessment

3. Social impact assessment

4. Strategic planning report

The correct answer is: Environmental review process

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 established a fundamental environmental review process that mandates federal agencies to assess the environmental impacts of their proposed actions before making decisions. This involves preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for major federal projects that significantly affect the environment, thereby ensuring that environmental factors are weighed alongside economic and technical considerations. This requirement for an environmental review process is crucial because it promotes informed decision-making and encourages public participation. By evaluating potential environmental impacts and exploring alternatives, NEPA serves to protect and enhance the environment, ultimately fostering sustainable development practices. Other options serve different contexts but do not align directly with the core regulations set forth by NEPA. Public health assessments may address health impacts but are not a direct requirement under NEPA. Social impact assessments focus on the effects of projects on communities and may be conducted separately or in conjunction with environmental reviews but do not fulfill the legal mandate of NEPA. Strategic planning reports are broader in scope and not specifically tied to the environmental review process as mandated by NEPA.