American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

What architectural style imposed severe restrictions on light and air for New York City residents?

1. Dumbbell Tenement

2. Flatiron Building

3. Modernist High-Rise

4. Art Deco Skyscraper

The correct answer is: Dumbbell Tenement

The correct answer is the Dumbbell Tenement style, which significantly impacted the living conditions of New York City residents in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This architectural form was primarily designed in response to the housing crisis resulting from rapid urbanization and industrialization. The dumbbell shape, which allowed for a small courtyard or air shaft between the buildings, was intended to maximize the number of units in a tight space while attempting to provide some access to light and air. However, many of these buildings did not adequately achieve this goal, as the air shafts were often narrow, limiting both airflow and natural light to the apartments. The design led to overcrowded living conditions, poor sanitation, and a lack of ventilation, contributing to unhealthy living environments for residents. The limitations of the dumbbell tenement highlighted the broader issues of housing policy and urban planning at the time. The other architectural styles listed, such as the Flatiron Building, Modernist High-Rise, and Art Deco Skyscraper, typically did not impose such severe restrictions on light and air. Instead, they incorporated design principles that often included the careful consideration of these elements, reflecting advancements in architectural technology and an evolving understanding of urban design.