American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

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Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a design feature developed by whom?

Clarence Perry.
Peter Calthorpe.
Daniel Burnham.
Richard Babcock.

The correct answer is: Peter Calthorpe.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is primarily attributed to Peter Calthorpe, who is a key figure in promoting the integration of urban design with transit planning. Calthorpe's work emphasizes the importance of developing communities around public transportation hubs to encourage sustainable living, reduce automobile dependence, and create vibrant, walkable neighborhoods. His design principles advocate for higher density development close to transit stations, supporting a more efficient use of land and resources while enhancing accessibility for residents. While Clarence Perry is known for the concept of the neighborhood unit, often associated with early 20th-century planning, his ideas do not specifically center on transit-oriented development. Daniel Burnham is renowned for his contributions to urban planning in the early 1900s, including the City Beautiful movement, which emphasized grand boulevards and civic aesthetics rather than transit-focused design. Richard Babcock has made contributions as well, but his work does not evolve into the foundational principles of TOD that Calthorpe has advocated for. Thus, Peter Calthorpe stands out as the primary architect of Transit Oriented Development.