American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

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In research studies, what method ensures subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to either the treatment or control group?

Stratification
Randomization
Selection Bias
Sampling

The correct answer is: Randomization

The method that ensures subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to either the treatment or control group is randomization. This technique is crucial in experimental design as it helps to eliminate selection bias, balancing out other variables that could influence the results. By randomly assigning participants, researchers can be more confident that any differences observed between the groups can be attributed to the treatment itself rather than pre-existing differences among participants. Randomization helps to create comparable groups and is fundamental for the validity of the study's findings. This approach allows researchers to generalize the results to a larger population, as it reduces the likelihood that the groups will differ in significant ways other than the treatment being studied.