American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP) Practice Exam

In 1945, which individuals proposed the multiple-nuclei model for American urban structure?

1. F.W. Horton and D.R. Reynolds

2. Barry Garner

3. Homer Hoyt

4. Edward L. Ullman and Chauncey D. Harris

The correct answer is: Edward L. Ullman and Chauncey D. Harris

The multiple-nuclei model is a significant concept in urban planning and geography that was proposed in 1945 by Edward L. Ullman and Chauncey D. Harris. This model suggests that cities do not develop around a single core but instead consist of multiple centers or "nuclei" that influence the urban layout. It reflects the complexity of urban growth and acknowledges the various factors that contribute to the development of different areas within a city. Ullman and Harris observed that as cities grow, they tend to form around several important hubs, such as industrial areas, commercial zones, or residential neighborhoods, each serving specific functions. This approach helps explain urban patterns better than earlier models that focused primarily on a single central business district. The other individuals mentioned in the choices have made contributions to urban geography and planning; however, they are not associated with the development of the multiple-nuclei model. Their theories or models might address different aspects of urban sociology and spatial organization but do not encapsulate the multi-centered approach that Ullman and Harris introduced.